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Guides & how-tos

Clear, accurate walkthroughs of SEO, structured data and the everyday tasks our tools solve — each linking straight to the tool that does the job.

A calculator, pen and documents on a desk used to work out an employee's gratuity payout
guide·Jul 15, 2026·4 min

How to Calculate Gratuity in India (Formula + Examples)

Gratuity rewards long service with a lump sum on exit. Learn the eligibility rule, the exact formula, worked examples, the ₹20 lakh cap, and the tax treatment.

A desk with tax forms, a laptop and a calculator representing choosing between India's old and new tax regimes
guide·Jul 15, 2026·4 min

Old vs New Tax Regime in India: Which Should You Pick?

The new regime offers lower slabs and a bigger standard deduction but scraps most exemptions. The old regime rewards heavy 80C and HRA users. Here is how to choose.

A notebook, calculator and coins on a desk representing choosing between PPF and fixed deposit savings
comparison·Jul 15, 2026·4 min

PPF vs FD: Where Should You Save?

PPF offers tax-free returns with a long lock-in, while a fixed deposit gives flexible tenure but taxable interest. Here is how to choose between them.

A phone and laptop showing rising investment charts on a desk, illustrating SIP versus lumpsum investing
comparison·Jul 15, 2026·4 min

SIP vs Lumpsum: Which Is Better for Investing?

SIP spreads your investment over time to smooth out market swings, while lumpsum puts your whole amount to work at once. Here is how to decide.

A written essay draft on a desk beside a laptop showing a word count
guide·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

How to Count Words & Characters in an Essay

Word count, character count, and sentence count each answer a different question. Here is what each measures, why the number matters, and how to check yours fast.

JSON code shown on a screen before and after minification
guide·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

How to Minify JSON (and When You Should)

Minifying JSON strips whitespace to shrink file size for transport. Here is what it does, how much it saves, when to minify versus pretty-print, and how to do it.

A login screen with a masked password field on a laptop
guide·Jul 14, 2026·5 min

What Makes a Strong Password in 2026?

Length beats complexity, entropy is what actually matters, and a passphrase can be both stronger and easier to remember. Here is how to build a password that holds up.

Lines of text on a screen with repeated rows highlighted for removal
guide·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

How to Remove Duplicate Lines from Text (Free, No Install)

Three reliable ways to strip duplicate lines from any text: a free online tool, a spreadsheet, and the command line. Step-by-step, with no software to install.

Illustration comparing how ASCII, UTF-8, and UTF-16 encode characters into bytes
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

UTF-8 vs UTF-16 vs ASCII: Character Encoding Explained

How ASCII, UTF-8, and UTF-16 represent characters, their byte sizes and Unicode coverage, the role of the BOM, and why UTF-8 became the standard of the web.

Illustration comparing binary, hexadecimal, and Base64 representations of the same data
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

Base64 vs Hex vs Binary: Encoding Explained

What Base64, hexadecimal, and binary actually are, how much size overhead each adds, and where each encoding is used in real systems, with clear examples.

Illustration of a browser request being redirected from an old URL to a new URL with a 301 status code
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

301 vs 302 Redirect: Which One to Use (and SEO Impact)

The difference between a 301 and a 302 redirect, how each one affects link equity and rankings, when to use each, and how to check which one your server sends.

A receipt showing tax added to a purchase, illustrating consumption taxes
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

VAT vs GST vs Sales Tax: What's the Difference?

A clear comparison of VAT, GST, and sales tax: how each is collected, where it applies, who ultimately pays, and worked examples of each.

Three versions of the same image saved as PNG, JPG, and WebP
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

PNG vs JPG vs WebP: Which Image Format Is Best?

Compare PNG, JPG, and WebP on compression, transparency, quality, and browser support, and learn which format to use for photos, graphics, and the web.

A YAML configuration file next to an equivalent JSON object
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

YAML vs JSON: Differences Explained (with Examples)

How YAML and JSON differ in syntax, comments, and intended use, with worked examples and clear advice on when configuration favours one over the other.

Split screen comparing a JSON object and an XML document side by side
comparison·Jul 14, 2026·4 min

JSON vs XML: Which Data Format Should You Use?

A practical comparison of JSON and XML: syntax, readability, file size, tooling, and the situations where each format is the right choice.

Illustration of a shared link preview card with an image, title, and description
seo·Jul 13, 2026·6 min

Open Graph & Twitter Cards: The Complete Setup Guide

Everything you need to control how your links look when shared: required Open Graph tags, Twitter card types, the correct image size, fallbacks, and debugging.

Illustration of a Google search result showing a title tag and meta description snippet
seo·Jul 13, 2026·6 min

How to Write Meta Titles & Descriptions That Rank

Practical rules for title tags and meta descriptions: pixel and character limits, keyword placement, writing for click-through rate, and good vs bad examples.

Illustration of a robots.txt file at a website root directing search engine crawlers
seo·Jul 13, 2026·7 min

robots.txt Explained: Syntax, Examples & Mistakes

A practical guide to the robots.txt file: every directive, working examples, the difference from noindex, and the costly mistakes that hide your site from Google.

Illustration of a web page annotated with JSON-LD structured data producing a rich search result
seo·Jul 13, 2026·7 min

The Complete Guide to Schema Markup (JSON-LD)

Learn what schema markup is, why JSON-LD is the preferred format, the most useful structured data types, and how to add and test it correctly.